Importance of Settings in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre...

Importance of Settings in Jane Eyre Throughout Jane Eyre, as Jane herself moves from one physical location to another, the settings in which she finds herself vary considerably. Bronte makes the most of this necessity by carefully arranging those settings to match the differing circumstances Jane finds herself in at each. As Jane grows older and her hopes and dreams change, the settings she finds herself in are perfectly attuned to her state of mind, but her circumstances are always defined by the walls, real and figurative, around her. As a young girl, she is essentially trapped in Gateshead. This sprawling house is almost her whole world. Jane has been here for most of her ten years. Her life as a child is†¦show more content†¦Jane stays inside the walls of Lowood for eight years. She has learned a great deal but all she finds for herself, when she does finally decide to leave, is a new servitude. The idea that she might be free in an unbounded world is not yet part of her experience -- in a sense, it never will be. Once again, Jane changes setting and circumstance and into a world that is completely new to her experience. Thornfield is in the open country and Jane is free from restrictions on her movements. Jane has always lived within confining walls and even as a teacher at Lowood had to get permission to leave. She is still confined, in a sense, but now she is living with relative freedom, but as she will discover later, Jane is not equipped to live utterly free. Jane is an adult but to live she must be employed. . After Mr. Rochester arrives, Jane feels it is finally time to have a family of her own, but unwittingly, Jane becomes Mr. Rochesters mistress, not his wife. With that in mind Jane decides to leave Thornfield even though Rochester tries desperately to convince Jane to stay. At her stay at Thornfield, Jane learns what it feels like to be needed, by both Adele and Edward Rochester. What she finds next is that, in the free world which she often only could dream of, she is incapable of surviving totally independent. AtShow MoreRelated Importance of Setting in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Setting in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bronte. The story takes place in the mid 1800’s in a variety of settings.   The first setting is Gateshead Hall, the second is Lowood School, the third is Thornfield Hall, followed by Moor House, and ending when Jane reaches Ferndean.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first place Jane stays is Gateshead Hall.   While at Gateshead, Jane is treated unfairly and is punished forRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1601 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminist’s beliefs would likely shock her, so to interpret this novel as feminist, one must see it through the lens of the time and place Brontà « wrote it. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre was a feminist work in that Bronte expressed disdain for oppressive gender structures through the voice of Jane Eyre, and the actions of Bertha Mason. Jane Eyre was a steamy novel for its time, with imagery as blatantly concealed as Jane’s description of Rochester’s hand as being â€Å"rounded, muscular; and vigorous†¦longRead More Substitute Mothers in Jane Eyre Essay2164 Words   |  9 PagesSubstitute Mothers in Jane Eyre    In Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Jane is an orphan who is often mistreated by the family and other people who surround her. Faced with constant abuse from her aunt and her cousins, Jane at a young age questions the treatment she receives: All John Reed’s violent tyrannies, all his sister’s proud indifference, all his mother’s aversion, all the servants’ partiality, turned up in my disturbed mind like a dark deposit in a turbid well. Why was I always sufferingRead MoreExplore How Bronte Has Created an Anti-Christian Theme in Jane Eyre1677 Words   |  7 PagesSupernaturality, love, as well as hypocrisy as a sub unit of religion,are dominant themes combined in the retrospective novel Jane Eyre. The novel depicts characters, such as Mr Brocklehurst and St.John Rivers that are challenges to the ideal christian way and faith throughout the novel. The eccentric romantic gothic genre and the surrounding supernatural presence lurks around crowds of chapters. The contrastive saint Helen Burns used as a reverence to the good aspect and purity of christianityRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesnovels centered on orphans’ pursuits of love that may have challenged civilized society. Emily Jane Brontà « and Charlotte Brontà « are among the six children born to Reverend Patrick Brontà « and Maria Branwell Brontà « (â€Å"Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬ ). The loss of their mother and two eldest sisters resulted in different responses between Charlotte and Emily, while Emily became shyer, Charlotte developed a dominant attitude (â€Å"Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬ ). Initially unsuccessful, Wuthering Heights was written during the years 1845 andRead More Charlotte Bronte Critiques Victorian Culture in Jane Eyre Essay1816 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent ‘radicals’ pushing for transformati on. Their critiques, especially in the beginning, are received with scorn and contempt. It takes a unique voice to covertly instill some of the contentious messages in the mind of the general public. Charlotte Brontà «, through her telling Jane’s life story, conveys controversial concepts about Victorian Society in an acceptable way. She illustrates her scorn for the rigid class structure, her disillusionment with devout religious ideals, and her beliefRead More Jane’s Path to Prosperity Essay2444 Words   |  10 PagesJane’s Path to Prosperity In The beginning of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte introduces Jane as an orphan girl who is residing at Gateshead with Mrs. Reed and her children. Bronte walks us through the episodes of Jane’s life as she moves to Lowood, Thronfield, Moor House, and finally to Ferndean. Throughout these stages, Bronte will show how charity was depicted through the interactions that Jane had. Through these perspectives we will see that the results of how charity was regarded, based on theRead MoreAssignment 2-Introduction to Written Texts Essay2201 Words   |  9 Pages | Assignment 2: Essay 1 Topic 3- Do you see a conflict between Jane and the 19th Century female wanting social equality, but at the same time needing to remain socially acceptable? Do you think this might also apply to the author in her writing of the novel? There is a conflict between Jane and the nineteenth century female wanting social equality, but at the same time needing to remain socially acceptable. In this essayRead More Christianity in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1870 Words   |  8 PagesChristianity in Jane Eyre      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charlotte Bronte addresses the theme of Christianity in the novel Jane Eyre. Bronte states: Conventionality is not morality. Self-righteousness is not religion. To attack the first is not to assail the last (35). In Jane Eyre, Bronte supports the theme that customary actions are not always moral through the conventional personalities of Mrs. Reed, Mr. Brocklehurst, and St. John Rivers.    The issue of class is prevalent in the novel. The novelRead More Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Jane Eyre was written in the mid-nineteenth century and is set during the Victorian period, at a time where a womens role in society was restrictive and repressive and class differences were distinct. A job as a governess was one of the only few respectable positions available to the educated but impoverished single women. Schools of the 19th century were strict, and they demanded much hard work and participation from the students, however, just the same

Blood Transfusion Free Essays

BIOPURE INDUSTRIESA Marketing Analysis Based on the data from the case study by Jonn Gourville, Biopure Corporation , HBS, 1998April 20, 2005By Veronica Stepanova Executive  Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Situation AnalysisI. Human  Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Transfusion or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3II. Animal  Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Marketing Plan  for oxyglobin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Final  decision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Appendix 1 A (Excel documents, separate attachment) Appendix 1 B Executive Summary Many opportunities are available in the human blood market due to several disadvantages of thecurrently available alternatives. Even more opportunities exist in the  animal blood market. †¢Oxyglobin should be positioned as a high-quality product designed for middle- to upper-classbudgets. †¢The price for Oxyglobin should be about $200 for the consumer and around $100 for the supplier(animal hospital) to account for distribution markups and other  carrying costs. †¢Distribution should be oriented in the regional  vicinity of the operation and implement largerclinics. In addition, only emergency clinics are to be targeted. Current opportunities are favorable for Oxyglobin’s launch. Situation Analysis I. Human blood market. †¢Patients with acute blood loss from  trauma  and surgery – 40% individuals aged 65+. †¢Chronic anemia  patients (any age) – 1. 5 million for the year 1995. †¢Blood loss, resulting from trauma (e. g. car accident) and exceeding 2-3 units (1 unit = 10% of  total blood content of human body) needs immediate  blood transfusion. †¢Price is largely cost-based (storage, implementation) – blood donation is free. Existing options. †¢Red  blood cells  and their components (hemoglobin, platelets, and plasma) are  collected viadonations, organized by blood collection centers and  then transfused into patients. †¢Current options allow for storage for 6  weeks in refrigerated conditions, consequently disposed of  if unused. Hemoglobin uses oxygen-carrying efficiency by 50% if not used  within the first few weeks. †¢Blood transfusion is subject to blood typing (A, B,  AB, O, positive, negative) andreception/rejection by the body. Incorrect matching may be fatal  for the patient. Infection risks slow down the process of  testing blood prior to its use and are  greater if blood isnot separated into components. Infections include the risks of AIDS, hepatitis B,  and contamination. †¢Blood transfusion is available on-site only (hospital or emergency room); as a  result, 30% traumapatients die prior to operation. †¢Blood supply is lower than demand, esp ecially during peak periods (summer  months and winterholidays, during which car and other travel increases ? fewer donors and more patients). Blood substitutes. †¢3 companies in final stages awaiting FDA  approval (clinical testing). Entrance into market is difficult (all current processes patented) and  time-consuming – may takeup to 17 years (See case Exhibit 3). Potential to replace current blood drawing process by  component separation and purification, aswell as chemical modification and stabilization of hemoglobin. Reduced risk of contamination and increased storage capability of 2 years. Added benefits for patients with constricted or restricted blood vessels (smaller size improvedaccessibility to organs). Possibility of adapting animal blood cells for use in  humans. Risk of toxicity and body rejection (sped up  excretion). Competitors/industry players .A. Baxter   Northfield Laboratories. †¢Both rely on human blood supply to  derive hemoglo bin. †¢Red blood cells obtained from expired banks. †¢Require refrigeration. Baxter: †¢Leader in development and manufacturing of blood-oriented medical equipment. †¢Large facility – production capacity of 1 million units/year, spent $250  million on RD. †¢Product – HemAssist – to be  priced between $600-$800. Northfield: †¢Small facility –  10,000-unit production capability but possible expansion into  300,000 units/year. Focus on single product (PolyHeme), $70 million spent on development. B. Biopure Corporation. †¢Specializes in protein purification for pharmaceutical use. †¢Hemopure 2 years away from final approval. †¢Derived from the blood of cattle. †¢Production capacity of 150,000 but  possible production limitations due to expected concurrentusage of production equipment for animal version. †¢Need for removal of  hemoglobin clusters from product? excess process in  production abi lity. †¢Cost for Biopure at $1. 50 per unit of animal blood, but plan to match Baxter’s price for finalconsumer product. II. Animal blood market. †¢Mainly cats (35%) and dogs (50%). †¢800 dogs were brought to emergency  treatment due to acute blood loss in 1995,  2. 5% severe. Existing options. †¢15,000 veterinary clinics. †¢5% of vet clinics perform emergency care, with a 75% referral rate from primary care  clinics. †¢Current blood banks insufficient, demand greatly exceeds supply: 2. 5 out of 30  cases treated. †¢93% blood drawn from donor animals (78%  in emergencies) – an ethically questionable practice. †¢150 units of blood transfused per emergency care, 17 per  primary care center (Appendix A). No effective blood typing or cross-matching systems. †¢Blood collection, storage, and transfusion too costly for proper operation. †¢Current cost of clinical care  to animal owners relatively high, undesirable. ? 84% doctor dissatisfaction with current alternatives. Blood substitutes. †¢Biopure’s Oxyglobin currently the only exi sting  FDA-approved substitute ready for launch. †¢No evident chemical difference in the  production process between animal and human supplement. †¢Animal supplement approved sooner than human equivalent due to less-strict regulations in theanimal consumer market. Production capacity of 300,000 units, $200 million spent on development (combined withHemopure) Marketing Plan for OxyglobinPositioning strategy. Most animal owners (enthusiasts) can be  assumed to be within the middle to  upperincome class, based on the extraneous costs of owning an animal (refer to case Exhibit 8 for a summary of  average costs of keeping a  pet). However, many consumers proved to be  price-conscious about spendingadditional funds on optional services (this will be analyzed further in the  pricing strategy); therefore, nopremium strategy should be used. The product should be positioned as  a high-quality supplement forblood transfusion, available to (affordable by) most animal owners. Pricing strategy. As cited, animal  owners expect to spend limited amounts of money on  animal care; thisis slightly different for emergency situations, where customers are willing to spend more,  as demonstratedby the survey results (Exhibit 8; Table B). The typical cost of a  blood transfusion to the customer iscurrently $100 for the traditional method; however, this price was  said to have been cost-unjustified. Still,veterinarians were cited as the  trusted source for determining a patient’s treatment selection, which putspressure on the new substitute segment to set  a competitive price standard. While profit margins mayprove higher on a higher-priced item, the  product’s sensitivity to reputation for being a supposedlyâ€Å"better, cheaper alternative† to currently available options, which would satisfy the currently largely-unfulfilled demand for blood transfusion, would pressure Biopure to price its Oxyglobin according tocustomer expectations (See â€Å"Existing options†, page 5 of this report). Those expectations, as  we can seefrom the attached appendix (Appendix 1 A and B), are that the price to the consumer be about $200 ($100to the veterinarian – keeping the  50% markup), which would give the company the largest  marginal gainin revenues (higher prices are actually marginal  losses! ), while still retaining the major demand (weconsider emergency care centers more important here,  since they have, proportionally, a much largerdemand than primary care centers). In terms of the  price difference between Oxyglobin and its competitorin the human segment, Baxter, the latter spent $50 million more on RD than Biopure, so the pricepremium on Baxter can be  justified by higher costs; in addition, Biopure’s per-unit costs are significantlysmaller because it uses cattle blood. In addition, Biopure may price Hemopure slightly higher because of  the extra processing that goes into making it,  as well as the variation in  the segment and target audience(people are willing to spend more on  themselves than on animals). Distribution. Biopure should only target emergency care  practices. Although those only make up 5% of  the overall industry, 75% primary care specialists will refer  an acute blood loss case (such as a trauma)  toone of these centers. Furthermore, Biopure should target large practices (3+ doctors) through regionaldistributors, both of which account for the largest sales in  the industry. Considering the limited volume of  supplies Biopure is going to have, a  national distribution may not be desirable right away, until thecompany at least increases its production capabilities. A regional distributor would be local enough tounderstand the specific needs of its market (e. g. , New England), and a larger vet practice could provemore efficient (and less costly) in  terms of the availability of materials and  the reduction of transfers,thereby also reducing the consumer’s costs and increasing the rate  of success by providing a quicker  service (in other words, it would have more  cases, but more doctors available to  help overall, fewercases per doctor – see Exhibit 7). Of course, the drawback is that a large clinic would not be as personal. The 1 million dollar question: Should Oxyglobin be launched? – Yes. †¢Launching early allows for an audience test:? Achieve acclaim/recognition for a break-through discovery that is beneficial because it-Fulfills an unsatisfied/dissatisfied need (better quality blood  transfusion, availability);-Reduces costs to both suppliers and consumers.? Easier entry into secondary (human) market –  Ã¢â‚¬Å"tested on animals† – more trusted  than untestedcompetitors.? Potential to utilize production to full potential (instead of splitting up with Hemopure); later on, dividebased on larger per-unit profit (and  not necessarily the stated 150:300 ratio).? If fails or doesn’t test well: – Would aid in the decision about improving current human version (complete discontinuation notan option due to  the immense initial investment in RD);- Reduce the shock of having to change both formulas (processes) simultaneously – longer timespan gives better flexibility and more time for testing and improvement – less drastic. Hemopure and Oxyglobin,  although similar in purposes, are meant for two completelydifferent segments; they should not be compared based on price because price expectations aredifferent for humans than they are  for animal needs; the demand for Oxyglobin  is clear andsignificant, while the demand for the same product in the human market is questionable. Therefore, stick with Oxyglobin – which alrea dy has the approval – and launch it. How to cite Blood Transfusion, Essay examples

Institute Of Internal Auditor Foundation †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Institute Of Internal Auditor Foundation? Answer: Introducation A whole lot of circumstances should be taken into attention about the client and his business, whenever an auditor fixes up an appointment with a company. The most crucial point that should be taken into account by the auditor at the earliest is that all the authorized rules are followed by the management of the company. For instance, whether the client is keeping a check if his business is in association with the protection of the environment and no harm is done to the ecosystem. It is important to stay at the distance from the unauthorized means and manipulative policies (Arens et. al, 2013). As per the details of the case, the Pharmaceuticals Ltd is found to be guilty of the charge of dispatching its harmful chemical wastes into the nearby river and thus contributing to water pollution which is a very unethical practice. Involvement of the management is such a practice and the consequences of this matter should be paid full attention by the auditor while making an auditing appointment (Heeler, 2009). It is the duty of the auditor to highlight all the unethical means followed by the company regarding the destruction of the environment and shown the same in their reports so as to summon the people at large. So it the responsibility of the auditor to conclude that is the company guilty of the charges that have been put on the same. In cases similar to the one of Pharmaceuticals Ltd, if on knowing the manipulative and the unethical means followed by the company on a large scale, if the management is not getting involved in presuming and setting things correctly, then the auditor should step forward and take the following actions: First of all the auditor should look into the financial statements of the company so as to detect any false data placed in it which did not come into the eye of the management which is enough to fool the shareholders. The auditor should efficiently categorize the false data and measure its effect on the auditors report. If the situations are worsening then the auditor has the full right to undertake assessment procedures to fix the problems. It is the duty of the auditor to detect any flaws in the financial statements related to the manipulative data put up by the management. All the concept of the audit should be thoroughly applied by the auditor under these circumstances before questioning the reliability of the management of the company (Black, 2010). It is very obvious that the Pharmaceuticals Ltd would have carried out a number of manipulative transactions illegally so as to capture and control the seriousness of the matter rather than disclosing it to the public. It is thus the duty of the auditor to detect all those transactions and also to find the steps deliberately followed to record such transactions. Strictness should be maintained by the auditor in each and every flaw made by the company. As in this case, it was seen that the management was weak enough so as to control the manipulative steps taken and in such cases the work of the auditor increases as it is expected that the steps followed by the auditor will be strictly effective and positive in nature (Messier, 2013). Reaction Pvt Ltd received the appointment letter for conducting an audit in the Billing Associates Company. The letter was approved and accepted with respect by the Reaction Pvt Ltd. While carrying out the audit procedures in order to finalize the report, a situation of absence of documentation aroused which had relation with the transactional receivables of the company. Under this circumstance, it was decided that a manipulated report will be shown to the public. It is also possible that the company can cancel the audit letter and ask the latter to only check the position of the company which is enough to define its status. This shows that the working of the audit company is very much confined. It is also seen that the company now proclaims that no audit is needed at this time. This questions the audit company as to why it accepted the letter if their no need of it at present. But this also highlights that the Billing Associates Company is putting effort to conceal its mistakes of the absence of documents. This can be guaranteed because of the proclamation made by the company just after all the audit procedures have been strictly completed (Wood, 2011). But it is also necessary to issue the finalized report which was made in absence of the documents on the part of the invitee company. Many conditions arise which confine the independence of the auditor with a term involve called self-review. If a company has been following manipulative methods then it is the duty of the auditor to inform the effects of such practices on the financial statements. But it should be kept in mind that the duty of the auditor is only to inform the management and not to suggest ways in which the following practices can be controlled and situations can be made the batter (Cappelleto, 2010). If this happens then the auditor has no right to check the modified and updated financial statements as he himself had suggested the ways to change it. Maintaining the independence of self-review of the auditors is very much important for an auditor so to present a checked and legal picture of the company without any flaws. A major threat can be a self-interest threat. For instance, if the client asks for the travel services recommendation and the same is not given by the auditors then it can result in the auditor firm losing its client. This can be avoided if the auditor is at par with the client and maintains an only professional relationship with them. It must also be seen that the auditor should reject any piece of work which is not included in the contract. If any pressure is maintained on the auditor then the audit company must break the contact so as to keep the independence of the auditor at the first priority (Vause, 2009). Familiarity threat can also be a case with an auditor as the wife of one of the auditors is holding a good amount of shares in the company. This kind of threat takes place when the auditor pays much affection in the form of affection towards the company so as to safeguard the profits of the ones in close contact (Carcello, 2012). This can be avoided if any other charted accountant from any other company is appointed in order to check the reports prepared by the previous auditor who was getting sympathetic towards the company. Intimidation threat arises when the auditor hints the fact that he is not going to be paid for all the hard work he has done. Creation of a doubt is the basis of this threat. Though there is no direct action by the client of non-payment of the fess the matter is suspected by the auditor due to the course of actions followed by the client. This threat can be avoided if the auditor demands his fees from the client before submitting the final report to the company management. This is done so as to guarantee the fees receiving because if the report is submitted then there can be a chance that the auditor doesnt get paid (Church et. al, 2008). (A) Business Risks (B) how it might lead to the threat of material misstatement High Lease Payments: Due to the conversion of the premises and the lands of the company into a residential category, problems are being faced by the same. The landlord demands for 50% more rate which could be a choking expense and and could turn into a massive loss for the company in the future. Manipulative or illegal means can be seen to be adopted and followed by the company as it may try to Depict false entries in the records and may try to increase the received amount and thus show a profit on their part. All this results in a decrease in the losses in the financial statements which have come into action due to the uprise in the rent for the company (Elder et. al, 2010). High level of stock obsolescence: As per the thought to increase the profits of the company, it was seen that CPPL was keen enough to increase their items present in the market. But the products have not found value in the market and as a The result of this the stock obsolescence had an increase way too high. Manipulative or illegal means can be seen to be adopted and followed by the company as it may try to depict the inventory at a high position and in a healthy State and thus concealing the stock obsolescence (Roach, 2010). All this is to depict the company as a profit-making one and to keep up the hopes of the investors and attract the new ones. Constrain on the availability of cash: It is also seen that the company CPPL is facing upsets From its two trusted suppliers. These suppliers have deducted the payment time from 30 to 14 days and have also reserved their volume rebates. There is also a fear that the profits can greatly be reduced to a minimum in the future if the services are provided on a regular basis and continuously. Manipulative and illegal means can be seen to be adopted by the company in order to depict increased cash sales in the book of accounts and thus to depict that ready cash is available with the company to pay off the debt as the time provided by the creditor has been reduced (Riddle, 2015). Drop in the profit margins: To survive in the market and shield against the dominance, the company has concluded to give value added services. This plan was successful in attracting the costumes but affected the profitability by deducting it by 10%. Manipulative and illegal means can be seen to be adopted by the company so as to conceal the losses From the public. For this alteration can be made in the Financial statements of the company. All this is to depict the company as a profit-making one and to keep up the hopes of the investors and attract new ones (Gay Simnet, 2015). High level of competition: A tough level of competition has been seen in the the market as the expanded companies are dominating the minor ones by taking over them. There is also a reduction in the price of the items so as to maximize The shares in the market by upholding the costumes It is very much possible that the company is deciding to Giveaway unexpected discounts in order to avoid them Dominance faced by it in the market and to keep them attracted to the company (Messier, 2013). This can result in an Increase in expense and this discount can be assumed by The management as unrecoverable or as bad debts. (A)Deficiency in internal control Explanation of business risk Arising due to deficiency in Internal control. (b) Control (c) Test of control Deficiency in the internal control can be defined as a situation when the website of the company is not aligned with the inventory status and is not scanned for results Whenever an order is placed. As mentioned, it can happen The inventory is not updated as Per the order paced. This can be A loss to the company because A case can arise in which the Order is accepted by the Inventory is not in a position to Dispatch it as it lacks it. It is advised for the Company to follow ERP so As to align the inventory As per the order which Will enable it to check the Present stock status and Display the correct Result. Placing of a practice order Can be a method which Will help the management To conclude that Whether the inventory is Potentially in system or Not which will be helpful In displaying correctly Results professionally. It may happen in many cases when the delivery of a particular product is made in accordance with The order placed that the signatures of the product receiving person is not demanded which can result in costumer complaints and delay in The delivery of the producs. This can result in decrease of The respect of the company in The market as the company is Not at all aware of the products That has been dispatched for Delivery and only pay attention When the customer complaints. As per the cases the company may lose its customers in the future which may be massive in nature (Matthew, 2015) The loss to the company. All the processing as from the placement of the order till its delivery, All the information should be timely recorded on the system. also the mandatory the sign should be taken and transferred to the system online. This helps the salesman to take the signature and quickly update it to the server of the company. All this processes helps the company to track the delivery time in the future. It is duty of the auditor to analyze the website of the the company so as to get all The information about the transactions carried by the company (Gay Simnet, 2015). This is done so as to detect the delivery date of the products in compliance to the placed order. If the signatures are done manually, then random verification/ checking of signed receipts shall be done by the audit team. Credit limits and also the Payment date is Analyzed by the retail Sellers before an order is Accepted by them. The Payment date is Concluded by the sales Ledger clerks and not at Higher levels of the sales Directors. A risk prevails in the company because the authority has given the concluding power of The credit limits to a lower level of staff. Cases may also arise resulting in credit limits offered to such person who have a dark background in accordance with on time payments (Geoffrey et. al, 2016). All the problems arising Due to the credit limits Matter can be solved by The decision that the Credit limits are to be Formed by the person Sitting at the higher Levels and so it should not be decided by the lower Staff. The auditor shall check the reconciliations maintained by the company and check the same from invoices held by the the company as well (Ghandar Tsahuridu , 2013). Buying of raw materials by the company can be seen with alteration in ledger departments members. The compilation of the supplier invoice cannot be not be done by the Company anymore. Noncompilation of the supplier statements with the record causes excess or less payments which cannot be later verified as lack of invoice is seen (Heeler, 2009). All this can be avoided easily by setting up a a strong system which will compile the suppliers statements with the company record whether monthly or quarterly. The auditor shall check the reconciliations maintained by the company and check the same from invoices held by the the company as well (Guerard, 2013). Due to the alteration in business over the past six months, new equipment have been purchased in excess without disposing of the old ones. Non-usage of the old equipment mentioned in the books is causing depreciation expense resulting in a deduction in the companys profit (Gilbert et, al, 2005). All the problems relating To this can be eliminated If the out of date Machinery Is sold as fast As possible. All the information required Can be gathered by the Looking into the registers, Records, and the entries. Low materiality range clearly depicts that more work is necessary, more issues and matters may arise, and therefore, the auditor must follow some conservative measures. In contrast to this, high range of materiality portrays that lesser work is necessary, lesser issues and matters may arise, and hence, the auditor must follow a lesser conservative strategy (Guan et. al, 2008). Sequence Case Materiality impact Clarification 1. In the year June 2017, the finance manager of Sali had resigned and no alternative has been found since such time The level of materiality shall decrease in relation to the prevalence of material misstatements in the financials. The financial manager is not present in the company since the last month and therefore, there are higher probabilities of material misstatements that have been undertaken by the concerned employees (Hoffelder, 2012). Besides, such finances must have been supervised by the departments junior authority that clearly assures they have influenced the relevant facts and figures in order to conceal errors or frauds. Therefore, this can result in a decline in materiality, as additional work will be needed to seek evidence. 2. The HR manager of Sali had resigned in June 2017 but his alternative was successfully found in July. In this case, there will not be any impact on materiality. There are various qualitative attributes prevalent in Case I that can possess an influence on the companys financials. However, the HR managers responsibility is to manage and recruit the employees and therefore, in his absence, the recruitment may be undertaken by other superior authorities. Therefore, no impact on financials will occur. 3. During the performance of a complete reconciliation of relevant information on SuperD to information on SuperB in the year June 2017, two material variances were found. Phil (auditor) has made inquiries with the management who has verified the fixation of such errors. The impact must be a decline in the level of materiality in relation to material misstatements in the financials. Two significant variances were found in the transferred data because of errors in the software or intentional frauds on the part of superior authorities liable for such data transfer from SuperD to SuperB. Therefore, a thorough evaluation is necessary to scrutinize the influence of such variances (Johnstone et. al, 2014). 4. Absence of purchase vouchers of the unlisted investments from Dune Ltd that consists of fourteen percent of the net investments There may be an increment in the materiality level. The finalization of audit on July 2017 and receipt of purchase voucher from the company was undertaken even though such document was not present during the audit process (Jubb, 2012). However, before termination of the audit, the same was made available and hence, a thorough assessment is necessary to prevent decline of materiality. References Arens, A. A, Best, P. J, Shailer, G. E. P Loebbecke, J. K, 2013, Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia, 9th ed, Australia: Pearson. Black, W. K 2010, economics of Control Fraud lead to Recurrent, Intensifying Bubbles and Crises, Working paper, University of Missouri-Kansas City. Cappelleto, G. 2010, Challenges Facing Accounting Education in Australia, AFAANZ, Carcello, J 2012, What do investors want from the standard audit report?, CPA Journal vol.82, no. 1, pp. 7-12 Church, B, Davis, S McCracken, S 2008, The auditors reporting model: A literature overview and research synthesis, Accounting Horizons vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 69-90. Elder, J. R, Beasley S. M. Arens A. A 2010, Auditing and Assurance Services, Person Gay, G Simnet, R 2015, Auditing and Assurance Services, McGraw Hill Geoffrey D. B,Joleen K,K. Kelli SDavid A. W 2016, Attracting Applicants for In-House and Outsourced Internal Audit Positions: Views from External Auditors, Accounting Horizons, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 143-156. Ghandar, A Tsahuridu, E 2013, The Auditing Handbook 2013, Australia: Pearson. Gilbert, W. Joseph J Terry J. E., 2005. The Use of Control Self-Assessment by Independent Auditors. The CPA Journal, 3, pp. 66-92 Guan, L, Kaminski, K. A Wetzel, T. S 2008, Can Investors Detect Fraud Using Financial Statements: An Exploratory Study, Advances in Public Interest Accounting vol. 13, pp. 17-34. Guerard, J 2013,Introduction to financial forecasting in investment analysis, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 78-81 Heeler, D 2009, Audit Principles, Risk Assessment Effective Reporting. Pearson Press Hoffelder, K 2012, New Audit Standard Encourages More Talking, Harvard Press. Johnstone, K, Gramling, A Rittenberg, L.E 2014, Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit,10th Edition, Cengage Learning Jubb, C 2012, Auditing: A Business Risk Approach, Australia: Cengage Matthew S. E 2015, Does Internal Audit Function Quality Deter Management Misconduct?, The Accounting Review, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 495-527 Messier, F. W 2013, Auditing and Assurance Services - A systematic approach, 9th ed. Australia: McGraw Hill. Riddle, C 2015, Internal Auditing: Assurance Advisory Services, Third Edition3rd Edition, The Institute of Internal Auditor Research Foundation Roach, L 2010, Auditor Liability: Liability Limitation Agreements, Pearson. Vause, B 2009, Guide to Analysing Companies, Bloomberg Press Wood, D A 2011,The Effect of Using the Internal Audit Function as a Management Training Ground on the External Auditor's Reliance Decision, The Accounting Review, vol. 86. No. 6

The Many Benefits of Classical Music and rock music free essay sample

They were also found to have all over better health. 6. Pets with separation anxiety were found to benefit from classical music being played. 7. A childs cognitive function is greatly enhanced by listening to classical. It was found, that in particular when listening to: Beethoven, Mozart and Brahms 8. While studying and playing classical music in the background, we are better to retain what we are learning and doing. 9. Children who listen to classical have been found to have better skills at articulating their emotions. 10.After listening to Classical your more likely to be in a relaxed Tate, and have a good sense of well being. Rock music is a group of related music styles that have dominated popular music in the West since 1955. Rock music began in the United States, but it has influenced and in turn been shaped by a broad field of cultures and musical traditions, including gospel music, the blues, country-and-western music. We will write a custom essay sample on The Many Benefits of Classical Music and rock music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Classical music folk music, electronic music, and the popular music of Asia, Africa, and Latin America (often grouped together under the term World music).In addition to its use as a broad designation, the term rock-music is seed to refer more specifically to music styles after 1 959 predominantly influenced by white musicians. Other major rock-music styles include rock and roll, the first genre of the music; and rhythm and the blues music (RB), influenced mainly by black American musicians. Each of these major genres encompasses a variety of sub-styles, such as heavy metal, punk, alternative, and grunge. While innovations in rock music have often occurred in regional centers?such as New York, Kingston, and Liverpool?the influence if rock music is now felt worldwide.The central musical instrument in most kinds of rock music is the electric guitar. Important figures in the history of this instrument include jazz musician Charlie Christian, who in the late 1930 was one of the first to perform the amplified guitar as a solo instrument; Aaron Tableaux T-Bone Walker, the first blues musician to record with an amplified guitar (1942); Leo Fender, who in 1 948 introduced the first mass-produced solid?body electric guitar; and Less Paul, who popularized the instrument in the early 1950 with a series of technologically innovative recordings.Elvis Presley is someone everyone all over the world is familiar with. Elvis Presley was the very first and most famous people who started r ock music. He had amazing dance steps which left people mesmerisms and along with his powerful music, he was certainly a musical icon. He became a phenomenon almost instantaneously and rock musicians who were to come later on all followed in Elvis Parsleys footsteps. Another band which was very popular was the Beetles. The Beetles were a rock music group who were very much inspired by British rock musicians such as Cliff Richard.This band too became quite popular during the sasss and had a successful career. Over the many years, music has divided into various styles and various genres. Some other forms and styles of music were Folk rock music and Psychedelic rock music. Many people in society of different age groups disagree the fact that rock music is attached to any positive influences that can outweigh its negatives. This can be the public opinion because due to lack of right knowledge most the people judge the influence of rock music without understanding the facts associated with it.Many blame it for the darkness that exists in the society due the shades of grey that it presents. In fact, it leads society away from darkness. It carries numerous positive influences which are not visible at a swift glance. Rock music in the longer run has not only showcased its positive influences on individuals but on time and society altogether. The positive influence of rock music can be derived from the messages that are conveyed by it. Like, suicide is one of the problems that society needs to deal with and managers are more prone towards it.

Foreign Policies of France, Pr essays

Foreign Policies of France, Pr essays Major turmoil involving France, Prussia, and the Hapsburg Empire arose during the 1740s. Each empire had an integral part in the rise or decline of the other involved nations. Prussia on one hand was seeking to expand into the Hapsburg territories. France seeing an expansion opportunity as well made an alliance with Prussia. The Hapsburg Empire could only hope to maintain the current boundaries of their kingdom and territories. They also thought it was necessary to create alliances to counterpart the ones made by Prussia. When Prussia seized the Austrian Province of Silesia, the Pragmatic Sanction was broken and upset the continental balance of power. These events and others culminated into the War of the Austrian Succession. The confrontation began though, as a result of each involved nations foreign policy and their effort to achieve goals to further their economic, political, and geographical position. France, Prussia, and the Hapsburgs exhibited this quality as the War of Austrian Succession developed. The foreign policy of France reflected the situation in Prussia and Austria. France did not want to witness a rising power to the east. Therefore, the dilemma was often to determine which nation, Austria or Prussia, was stronger in there effort to unite part of the land east of France. France then hoped to deter their efforts at unity. Furthermore, the aims of the French foreign policy were to "erode further the Hapsburg positions, by moves in the south against Spain and in the east and north against the vulnerable string of Spanish- Hapsburg and German territories". (Kennedy 88) France was looking to expand financially and geographically, by gaining resourceful territories while still maintaining their colonies in America. It is because of their pursuits on two continents that they were trying to become the dominate hybrid power. France began to see the emergence of a multipolar system among European ...

The Sociology of the Family Unit

The Sociology of the Family Unit Sociology of the family is a subfield of sociology in which researchers examine the family as one of several key social institutions, and as a unit of socialization from a variety of sociological perspectives. The sociology of the family is a common component of introductory and pre-university academic curricula, as the family makes for a familiar and illustrative example of patterned social relations and dynamics. Overview Within the sociology of the family, there are several key areas of inquiry. These include: Focus on the demographic makeup of families, and how this shifts over time or from place to place. For example, research has found that millennial adults are more likely to live at home with their parents than any other previous generation.How social class affects a family and how the family itself might help or hinder the social mobility of its members.Social dynamics within families, including the specific roles family members play in relation to one another, and what families do together on a daily basis and in the long-term. Those interested in this aspect will be fascinated by the findings of the American Time Use Survey, which took a close look at family dynamics.How social and economic change affects families.How the family as an institution interacts with other institutions and social organizations.The diversity that families and households take. How do sociologists approach some of these key areas? Family and Culture Within the sociology of the family, one area that sociologists examine is the cultural factors that shape family structures and family processes. For example, how gender, age, race, and ethnicity influence family structure, and the relationships and practices within each family. They also look at the demographic characteristics of family members across and within cultures and how they have changed over time. Family Relationships Another area studied under the sociology of the family is relationships. This includes the stages of coupling (courtship, cohabitation, engagement, and marriage), relationships between spouses through time, and parenting. For example, some sociologists have studied how differences in income between partners influences the likelihood of infidelity, while others have examined how education affects the success rate of marriage. The topic of parenting is a large one. It includes things such as the socialization of children, parental roles, single parenting, adoption and foster parenting, and the roles of children based on gender. Sociological research has found that gender stereotypes influence parenting even when children are at a very young age, and manifests in a gender pay gap for childrens chores. Sociologists have also examined whether being in a same-sex couple affects parenting. Alternative Family Forms Alternative family forms and singlehood are other topics examined under the sociology of the family. For example, many sociologists study the roles and influence of family members beyond the nuclear family, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, godparents, and surrogate kin. Marital disunions are also studied, as divorce rates have risen over the past several decades. Family Systems and Other Institutions Sociologists who study the family also look at how other institutions affect and are affected by family systems. For instance, how is the family affected by religion and how is religion influenced by the family? Likewise, how is the family affected by work, politics, and mass media, and how are each of these institutions affected by the family? Edited  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D. Source: Unknown. American Time Use Survey - 2017 Results. Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 28, 2018, Washington, D.C.

Infrastructure and Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Infrastructure and Security - Essay Example Network infrastructure consists of single networked computers, cables, routers, wireless access points, network access methodologies, switches, network protocols, bridges and backbones among other devices. In the case of our organization, a closed architecture would be favourable. It is very important to have proper infrastructure in place so that future problems can be avoided. For instance, end user devices should in no way be used to perform any networking functions and conversely it is not a good practice for network devices to deal with functions at Layer 7. The right networking devices should be used in a network so that network instability can be avoided. Mixing of network and application functions can be quite expensive in the event of bug fixes and upgrading and might even bring the whole network to a halt (Stilwell et al, 2006). The arrangement of different network items is referred to as network topology. Network topologies are classified into physical and logical network topologies. Physical topology deals with the interconnection of devices while logical topologies are concerned with how data flows across the network. The company will need a physical star topology layout with a logical bus topology. Star topology is easier to upgrade since it requires upgrading the devices without necessarily changing the cabling. The star topology uses a switch which sends traffic where it is required to go (Stilwell et al, 2006). The figure below shows a logical and physical topographical layout of the current and planned network in an organization Different LAN segments in different floors can be interconnected using a collapsed backbone architecture which is a type of LAN architecture. The LAN backbone is collapsed using Ethernet switch of layer 2. A Fast Ethernet switch with a speed of 1 Gps will be the central device where each LAN segment links to the central Fast Ethernet switch, through two Fast Ethernet connections of fiber optic to each switch. Spanning Tree protocol configures the two switches which acts as backup while the other acts as a primary switch. In case of failure by one switch, the other switch takes over (Stilwell et al, 2006). Laying down the infrastructure layout is half job; network security measures have to be considered. There are specific threats that may target poorly managed network infrastructure security. Some of these risks include loss of data privacy, data integrity may also be lost, denial of service and system compromise. Therefore, better practices are implemented to ensure systems and sensitive information is housed (Stilwell et al, 2006). The main principles regarding network security are better design practices which may be expressed in five ways. The first one is to ensure a secured manner of configuring and accessing network devices. The second one is that network communications should use secure protocols. The third one is appropriate separation of external and internal facing networks, by use of control devices like router access control lists or securely configured firewalls and demilitarized zones (DMZs). Finally, there should be secure management of accessibility of internal networks remotely. Lastly, configuring of internal networks to detect or prevent running of untrusting traffic or

The task for this assignment is to analyse a case study for a private Essay

The task for this assignment is to analyse a case study for a private sector or a public organisation of your own choice - Essay Example Having said this, the purpose of this paper is to first of all analyse the strategy adopted by Tesco in relation to product transportability", transferability of competitive advantage","Inter-firm transferability of resources", and the need to adapt to local market conditions in the following overseas markets (USA, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan and China). In the first section, using relevant analytical model, Tesco will first of will be diagnosed to know it sources of competitive advantage, thereafter, attention will be shifted to the need to adapt to local overseas markets in the United States, Thailand, Japan and China. Porters five forces framework was originally developed as a way of assessing the attractiveness (Profit potential) of different industries. As such, it can help in identifying the sources of competition in an industry or sector (Johnson & Scholes 2005, Brand 1963). The basis upon which this framework is built will serve in analysing TESCO Plc strategic capabilities. With thousands of different supermarkets in the United states with each of them being strategic players, Tesco will have to adapt to local values in the United States. The competition is going to be fierce, with Wal-Mart, currently being the market leader. Thus Tesco should pay attention on the four Ps, product price, promotion, and place in these markets (Charles 2007). Tesco has a pool of financial resources, reserves; managerial capabilities that can help the company cope up with competion. In the United States, Thailand and Japan, Tesco will have to adapt to local values through sourcing of local materials and resour ces, the recruitment of local staff. Management will have to think globally but act locally (Company 2007 Report). The company ongoing exclusive rights with suppliers, distributors and transporting companies should be replicated in these markets. In these markets, it will be difficult for local supermarkets to get up overnight and start operating at Tesco scale. Though there are potentials for the sector to attract potential competitors or new entrants, the situation is however difficult for new entrants to enter the line of business, because huge capital, and capabilities are necessary to support after sales services. In terms of technical expertise to get up overnight and open a grocery store that will compete with Tesco is not easy. More so, Groceries stores often strived at having an exclusive right with their suppliers (Cheng & Bolong 1993, Drejer 2002). These is the same type of relationship, Tesco will maintain with its suppliers in these markets. Suppliers and customers have a high bargaining power in these markets. Each grocery store strive at having unique items, others offer almost the same thing making customers and potential customers to base their attention on price, quality and after sales benefit

Robert Rauschenberg Essay Example for Free

Robert Rauschenberg Essay â€Å"Estate† by Robert Rauschenberg is by far the most interesting piece of art work seen at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Robert Rauschenberg is a well-known Abstract Expressionist of the modern art period. Robert Rauschenberg is most famous for his Combines of the 1950s, in which he uses non-traditional materials and objects in combinations. While the Combines are both painting and sculpture, Rauschenberg has also worked with photography, printmaking, papermaking, and performance. Robert Rauschenberg’s â€Å"Estate† is both abstract and expressionism. He uses abstract shapes and color patches in his work. There is a lot of use of warm colors such a red, orange and yellow in which gives one a hot and vibrant feel. The powerful colors capture vivid emotional reactions. The gesture lines allow one to see Robert’s arm at work. Repetition is used with the quick fluid strokes along with bold strokes that he uses on the canvas. The diagonal lines give a feel of explosive energy to the art work. There is an asymmetrical balance in the work because the weight counter balances each other. There is more going on towards the right side, than the left which gives the art work an asymmetrical look. Although Rauschenberg uses recognizable images he makes them his own by titling and turning the images sideways to give them a different effect. The materials used to create this artwork include oil, silk screened ink along with photo screen. (MSN) The oil allowed Rauschenberg to blend the colors directly on the canvas. He also piled up the oil thickly giving it a ruff textured look. The oil also allows the painting to have shadows. Photo screen is used with familiar images such as the statue of liberty along with Michelangelo’s â€Å"Last Judgment. † â€Å"Rauschenberg would screen in art reproductions, images from newspapers, and anonymous photographs of city scenes. †(Art Culture) The photo screening gives the art work individuality. This art work was actually inspired by trash, Robert Rauschenberg use to walk around the block collecting things that he found interesting. He states, â€Å"I wanted something other than what I could make myself and I wanted to use the surprise and the collectiveness and the generosity of finding surprises. † (Art Info) Therefore, the art was meant for viewers to be surprised, and curious. It is meant to be a world of surprises, and open up people’s mind to what the streets and the city really is. â€Å"It makes our perception of both street and city changed. † (Art Info) â€Å"Estate† is considered to be apart of the abstract expressionism stylistic movement which was created during the American post WWII movement. This movement rejected traditional European painting styles and emphasized on expressive gestures. It is also apart of the pop art movement which emerged in the mid 1950’s in Britain and spread throughout the United States. It used objects and images from popular, commercial culture. â€Å"Estate† is very unique, and is unlike any of the art work that came before it. Before, the art work was very plain and simple with the use of dull colors. It did not have any expressions or emotions attached. This art work is very modernized with the use of bright, bold colors, photographs and the use of abstract shapes. It developed from past art styles such abstract, surrealism and expressionism; taking a little bit of each stylist movement to create this. It reflects the 21st century culture because it is very â€Å"busy. † The art work has many things going on which reflects how Americans are in the 21st century; we are all extremely busy in our lives. I consider â€Å"Estate† to be a valid work of art, I believe that is very creative and brings out a lot of emotion from the artist. I think it is a beautiful piece of art work that is one of a kind.

Comparison of Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor in Millers The Cr

Comparison of Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor in Miller's The Crucible The Crucible is play that helps to show human nature through a series of events linked through the Salem witch trials. In this play, a group of young teenagers would undermine the religious government and make a mockery of the Salem judicial system. Miller also shows human nature through the development of characters. Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor are foils of each other and have many differences; they would also develop many similar traits. One of the main links between the two women is their love for John Proctor. This would create much animosity between the two women and would lead to much strife between the two. While Abigail Williams saw Elizabeth Proctor as an old witch that only wished to blacken her name to the community, Elizabeth saw Abigail as a whore that only wished to steal her husband away. I am convinced that Abigail’s beauty and youth also served to create a hostile atmosphere as Elizabeth is threatened by this. Another reason that Elizabeth is threatened by Abigail is the fact that she believes that Abigail still has feelings for her husband. Even though Elizabeth eventually comes to the realization that her husband has no feelings for Abigail, she continues to hold on to the notion that they did share something, which becomes evident when John Proctor is forced to state â€Å"Then how do you charge me with such a promise? The promise that a stallion gives a mare I gave...

How ICT can improve a business by speed and quality

In this project I am going to show how ICT can improve a business by speed and quality. I am going to show this by using a School's Sports Day as an example. When using ICT to create a booklet for this Sports Day it is improving the time taken to create it as it is much easier to make it by computer. If allows you to move pictures around so you can find the perfect position for them on the different pages. It also allows you print off as many copies as you want, rather than photocopying every page. It will not take as much time because you can insert any piece of information and you will be able to move things around to make everything be in its best position. For the Sports Day this year I will be creating an A5 programme. On the first page there will be the School's Crest along with two photographs of the school. The day and date of the event will also be on the first page. Two A4 sheets need to be produced and to be used as masters for the inside and outside of the programme. The output this Sports Day Programme will take would be in an A5 booklet. On the middle pages there will be a list of track events with the times. On the back page the will be a half- page advert of Helmcroft Hotel. A list of last year's record breakers will also be on that page. The information to be output would be the School's Crest, photographs of the school, an advertisement of Helmcroft Hall and photographs of the new sports hall. The data needed to be output would be record breaking list and the events. The data that would be needed for the programme as an output are as follows: * The events and times that they take place (excel). * Food cost during the day. * What time the actually starts and finishes. * Who's invited * The people who are running in the races. * Records of previous events. Testing is needed to make sure the data and the information is detailed, precise and specific on the document so that people can fully understand it thoroughly with ease. Although testing is not needed at this stage as you are only writing up information. Analysis for Task 2 For this task I will be using different programs for the different forms. The categories, records list and the list of beverages and food (and prices) would be produced in Excel. The entrance cost would be produced in PowerPoint so it can be created with lots of colours. The price of drinks to make a profit would be the information to be output. The data needed to produce the output would be the model on how many drinks are sold compared to the weather. I would like the best price to result in a profit. Design – Task 1 The problem that has to be solved is how to arrange the front and back page of the brochure for the school's Sports Day, and the software that might be useful to achieve this. I shall use Microsoft Word to solve this problem. This is because the functions of the features available on Microsoft Word are necessary for solving the problem. Firstly, to set about reaching the problem I will use the functions of Word to make titles and sub-titles bold, italic and using the appropriate font size. The reason for this is so they will stand out, allowing the readers to see them more easily as they would be more clearer and more alluring. Secondly, I will use boxes around the text to make them stand out clearer. The text boxes will also allow me to import, position and resize graphics a lot more easily. The boxes and their borders would have bright colours to make the programme less dull. Word also allows graphics (e.g. the Helmcroft Hall advert) to be kept in the same proportions. These graphics are very easy to import using ‘drag and drop'. Design – Task 2 For Design 1 of the spreadsheet I have shown the basic layout of the: * Fixed Incomes * Fixed Expenditures * Costs of drinks to buy * Costs of drinks to sell My design also shows a different layout to what I will be using to display the various weather conditions. For this design I have only shown COLD and COOL conditions, as the rest will follow in my own design. For my own design of the spreadsheet I will produce the spreadsheet in a horizontal way rather than the original design, provided by the teacher, which was shown vertically. To fit the whole spreadsheet I will make use Arial 10pt font for the main text, the main headline will be Comic Sans MS 18pt font. The sub headlines will be different fonts, two will be Showcard Gothic 14pt font and the others will be Tempus Sans ITC 12pt font. The total headings are produced in bold Arial Narrow 10pt font. The cells with the results of the formulae are formatted to be shown as currency. I varied the widths of the columns to allow the text to fit perfectly; in some parts I merged the cells. The formulae I used were simple, only addition and multiplication sums being used. For the spreadsheets I will produce I will use Microsoft Excel. The following table outlines the software features needed to produce my Price Pledge Model, and for each feature, the suitability of Excel has been examined. Excel has a simple-to-use replicate feature. I can select a cell (that contains text, a number or formulae), highlight a section to the right and copy the contents of the original cell into those selected to the right. It will automatically change the letter for the column being used as it's replicated across. Excel can carry out simple calculations.

Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father: A Tale of Redemption

Barack Obama’s Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance is a well written essay about a singular search for identity across cities and continents, region and race. The autobiography focuses on Obama’s need for redemption driven by an uncompromising desire to know his biological father. Barack, the father, was a Kenyan native whose absence informed Obama’s dreams and whose marriage to his white mother, Ann, determined his daily reality.It is a compelling story about the meaning of family, nuclear and extended, and a young man’s pursuit of an authentic self in the complex nexus of race, class, and gender as historically represented in America. The book, written in lively prose, takes the reader on a journey from Obama’s origins in Hawaii, to Indonesia, Occidental College in Los, Angeles, Columbia University in New York, and to Chicago where he begins his public service career while learning a few painful lessons about politics. In Chicag o, Obama evolves into a mature, self-conscious politician.These years, it seems, prepare Obama to accept his bi-racial self and to receive his inheritance in Africa where his father and grandfather have been buried. In Kenya, Obama discovers his unfamiliar family and the spirits of his ancestors bundled in a series of letters and memories as shared by his African Granny. In the end, Obama finds a way to â€Å"affirm [his] common destiny without pretending to speak to, or for all our various struggles† (Obama, 2004, xvi). Both text and subtext are about â€Å"a boys search for his father, and through that search a workable meaning for his life as a Black American† (Obama, 2004, xvi).Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father: A Tale of Redemption In recalling the deadly attack on September 11, 2001, Barack Obama confesses that for him â€Å"history returned that day with a vengeance† (Obama, 2001, x). Referencing William Falkner, Obama speaks of the past as neve r â€Å"dead or buried—it isn’t even past† because the collective past touches the individual in the present (Obama, 2001, x). His life, as presented in Dreams From My Father, is a reflexive and self-conscious memoir which facilitates Obama’s locating of a past that he did not know, one that he could not understand, and a history wanting in authenticity.From his earliest years, Obama’s thoughts and dreams had been interpreted through the prism of an absentee father whom he would never know. The book is organized into three sections consisting of nineteen chapters. Written in lively and description detail, it is a circuitous narrative with a clear beginning and end. In Part One, â€Å"Origins,† Obama provides a window into his formative years in Indonesia with Lolo, his mother’s second husband, with whom he learned how to fight, to â€Å"stay low [and] don’t give them a target† (p. 36).But it was at the Panahou Academy in Hawaii where issues of belonging or not, found its way into the innocence of his childhood. Obama confesses that during this time, his â€Å"sense that [he] did not belong continued to grow† (p. 60). As a teenager, Obama would escape by experimenting with various drugs. He would also, on occasion seek the advice of his grandfather’s friend, Frank, an eighty year old poet living in Waikiki. For example, when Frank learned that Obama was planning to attend Occidental College in Los Angeles, he made clear that Obama should understand that he would be â€Å"trained† and not educated there.He urged Obama to go to Occidental but to â€Å"keep [his] eyes open [and] stay awake† concerned that the experience would further separate him from his past (p. 97). Classmates at Occidental often took him to task for what appeared to have been self-indulgent and narcissistic tendencies. For example, Regina, another student involved in a campus protest, made it clear that Obama’s speech â€Å"was not about him† (p. 109). Her diatribe is worth noting: Well, let me tell you something, Mr. Obama. It’s not just about you. Its never just about you. It’s about people who need your help. Children who are depending on you.They’re not interested in your irony or your sophistication or your ego getting bruised. And neither am I. (p. 109) The confused Obama later decided to participate in an exchange program that allowed him to take classes at Columbia University in New York. Upon arriving in Manhattan, he experienced the fear and humiliation of homelessness until â€Å"redeemed† by Sadik, a friend with whom he later shared an apartment. It was while at Columbia, however, that Obama began to take his studies seriously and to explore his role as a reformer and a person who could create change. For these reasons, it appears, he decided to â€Å"[stop] getting high† (p. 120).In Part Two, â€Å"Chicago,† we fi nd Obama on the ground rallying for the poor, homeless, and unemployed. For example, critical to Obama’s success and instrumental to his moving to Chicago had been Marty Kaufman, a man of Jewish descent who had established the Calumet Community Religious Conference. This organization, encompassing twenty suburban churches and later joined by the Developing Communities Project affiliated with the city, brought blacks and whites together to discuss the â€Å"shame of unemployment, their fear of losing a house or of being cheated out of a pension – the common sense of having been betrayed† (p. 150).These organizations were a real time response to the alarming rate of unemployment due to layoffs and company closings on the Southside of Chicago. At the same time, Smitty’s Barbershop, a spot near Hyde Park where the men talked of â€Å"sports and women and yesterday’s headlines, conversation at once intimate and anonymous, among men who agreed to leave their troubles outside,† provided a space for Obama to test his rhetoric and his ability to assimilate without detection of his white heritage (p. 146).Obama’s encounters with Mary, a white single mother whose two children had been fathered by an absentee black man; his collaboration with organizers such as Angela, Shirley, Mona, and Will; as well as his ascendancy to the Presidency of the Harvard Law Review were an attempt to run from the past while constructing a future (pgs. 167-175). In spite of his successes, Obama remained distracted by an unexplained emptiness. In Part Three, â€Å"Kenya,† we find Obama acknowledging and acting on his need to connect with his past by traveling first to Europe and then Africa in search of his heritage.After Granny’s detailed story about the struggles of both his grandfather and father, Barack discovers a series of letters that answer many of his questions. At this point, the circle closes, the black hole is filled, a nd Obama realizes that he has been haunted by his father’s silence and shaped by his absence. Somewhere near their Kenyan graves, Obama purged himself of the past and departed his ancestral home a different person, a man who could face the truth of his past and future without fear of rejection. A memoir by definition is cathartic.Obama’s Dreams From My Father is worthy of analysis because rarely do we see so much of the realization of the American dream encompassed in the life of one person. The past returned with a vengeance while in Kenya where Obama and all of his fathers received the â€Å"promise of redemption† (p. 135). Relying on oral histories for the most part, Barack Obama’s story of race and inheritance may be one of the most honest and accurate autobiographical works in recent memory. References Obama, Barack. (2004). Dreams From My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. New York: Crown Publishers.

Cartesian Diver Lab Report Essay Example

Cartesian Diver Lab Report Essay Example Cartesian Diver Lab Report Paper Cartesian Diver Lab Report Paper First a 2-liter bottle is filled with water to almost all the way to the top, then prepare the diver which is a test tube, fill the test tube about 50-60% with water, lace the diver inside the bottle the diver should float near the water surface then secure the cap on the bottle. When the container is squeezed, the diver should sink to the bottom of the container. Release the bottle slowly, the diver should come up in reverse order. The Cartesian diver shows that air is compressible and water is incompressible. When the container is squeeze, the pressure from squeeze is distributed equal throughout the container and the volume of air in the diver decreases because of the increased pressure of the water surrounding the diver. Since the volume of air inside the diver decreased, and water filled up where the air use to be, the diver becomes denser and will begin to sink if enough pressure is applied. It begins to sink because it becomes denser so the upward force of the water is not great enough to keep the diver floating. When the container is not squeezed, the diver will float back to the top because the pressure that was compressing the air in the diver was relived so the air could take is normal volume again which make it least dense. Therefore the Cartesian diver does demonstrate the compressibility of a gas, the incompressibility of water. The Cartesian diver experiment also demonstrates the Pascals law. According to Pascals law, when the bottle is squeezed, the applied pressure increase throughout the bottle by the same amount include inside of the diver. The control volume for this lab experiment is the entire water bottle including the diver inside. Objects float or sink as a result of their density. Density can be described as the amount of weight in a specific volume. An object is buoyant if its relative density is less than the density of the fluid that is surrounding it. According to Archimedes principle, an object will be buoyed up by a force that is equal to the weight of water that it displaces. The air inside the diver can be compressed much more easily than water, therefore the water level inside the diver increase as the bottle is squeezed due to the pressure increase. The applied pressure by squeezed the bottle can be determine by using this equation: P =F/A Where P is the applied pressure, F is the force by the fingers and A is the area of the fingers touch the bottle 14. 14 (CM) With the applied pressure, the pressure rise in the outlet based on water level change inside the diver can be estimate by using this equation: P =Pugh Where P is the applied pressure, p is the water density, g is gravity and h is the height of the water rise, 0. CM. Combine equation (1) and (2) the force by the figure equals 0. NON and applied pressure equals 29. Papa The Cartesian diver experiment demonstrates Archimedes principles. Objects either float or sink because of buoyancy, buoyancy is the upward force that keeps objects floating. If the buoyancy exceeds the weight then the object floats and if the weight exceeds the uncanny then the object sinks, therefore Neutral buoyancy is achieved when the mass of an object equals the mass it displaces in a surrounding med ium. This offsets the force of gravity that would otherwise cause the object to sink. An object that has neutral buoyancy will neither sink nor rise. According to Archimedes principles the buoyant force acting on a body of uniform density immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body, and it acts upward through the centered of the displaced volume: xv_sub Where F_B is the buoyancy force, p_f is lid density, g is gravity and V_sub is the submerge volume. F=MGM Where F is the weight of the object, m is the mass of the object and g is the gravity. By relating equation (3) and (4) the buoyancy force equals 0. 1 N and mass of the tube is about leg. IV=part Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, p is the density, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature. P_2/P_1 =h_1/h_2 Where P_l the pressure rise of the bottle, P_2 Pressure rise of the diver, h_l is the height of pressure rise in bottle and h_2 is the height of pressure rise in diver. Cartesian diver can achieve a neutrally buoyant state. However when the Cartesian diver reach the neutrally buoyant state it will be an unstable equilibrium like a ball on a hill, a very small change can cause to rise or sink again. The hydrostatic pressure is a very important factor in the Cartesian diver, the hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. The hydrostatic pressure of the water increase as the diver sinks, for this particular Cartesian diver a small change in hydrostatic pressure will affect the diver to sink, rise or stay and the key to achieve the diver to stay tutorial buoyant is the precise measurement of how far the diver sinks before it sinks completely or floats. The principle of buoyancy of a submarines are very similar to the Cartesian diver. Submarines can control their buoyancy by pumping air into the ballast tanks increases the submarines buoyancy and allows it to float to the surface like Cartesian diver at initial state when there is enough air inside of the diver, the Cartesian diver can also control buoyancy depends on how hard the person squeezed the bottle. Submarines could also releasing air and allowing water to fill the ballast tanks to decreases the feminines buoyancy and allows it to sink, similar to the Cartesian diver when the bottle is squeezed, the water level in diver increase which also decrease its buoyancy, so the Cartesian diver sinks. For submarines to reach neutral buoyancy, the water filling in the ballast tanks must be precise so the buoyancy force will equals to the weight of submarine, similar to the Cartesian diver when the applied force is just right, the diver will to reach neutral buoyancy. The Cartesian diver lab shows the fundamental principles of Pascals law and buoyancy. At the initial state of the Cartesian diver, the diver floats on top of the water. Because of buoyancy is greater than the divers weight then as bottle is squeezed the pressure increase uniformly which cause the diver increase its water level which decrease its buoyancy so it drops to the bottom of the bottle. When the bottle is release the diver rise to top of the water again due to the pressure that was compressing the air in the diver was relived so the air could take is normal volume again which increased the buoyancy back to its initial state.

The Best SAT Vocabulary Practice Tips and Resources

The Best SAT Vocabulary Practice Tips and Resources SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A solid vocabulary is essential to getting a high SAT score. But what methods can give you the quality SAT vocab practice you'll need to succeed on test day? After all, just reading a lengthy list of vocab words doesn't necessarily mean you'll know how to use them in a sentence or be able to remember what they mean on during the exam. We explain how important vocab is on the SAT and how it’s tested. More importantly, we give you our top four vocab study methods as well as our picks for the five best resources to use for quality SAT vocabulary practice. Read on to learn what these are! How Important Is SAT Vocab Practice? Although it’s important to know some vocabulary, the truth is that vocabulary doesn’t play a very big part on the SAT. So if you’re not a fan of memorizing hundreds of words, this is great news! However, if you’re aiming for a high or even perfect SAT score, you'll definitely need to memorize some of the vocab words most likely to appear on the test. But what exactly does vocabulary look like on the SAT? For starters, all vocab questions (in both the Reading and Writing and Language sections) are based on reading passages, so you’ll always have context to help you figure out the meaning of a word or phrase. On the old (pre-2016) SAT, you had Sentence Completion questions, for which you had to choose the correct vocab word for an isolated sentence. Basically, you hadzero context! Thankfully, these questions are no longer on the SAT. Secondly, all vocab words are about medium difficulty, sodon't expect to see hard words such as pugnacious and obstreperous. Instead, the SAT will test you on more common words, usually ones with multiple meanings. On SAT Reading, vocab questions are calledWords in Context questions; theseask you to match a word with the correct meaning.On the Writing section, vocab questions that ask you to replace (or leave as is) a certain word in a passage are called Precision questions. Here’s an example of a Words in Context SAT Reading question (with the relevant line from the passage): Source: Official SAT Practice Test #1 And here’s an example of an SAT Writing Precision question (again, with the relevant line from the passage): Source: Official SAT Practice Test #2 As you can see, you'll need to be especially adept at using context clues to figure out which word best fits the tone and meaning of the sentence in the passage. That said, remember that vocab doesn’t make up a particularly large part of the SAT.Based on our analysis ofofficial SAT practice tests, we've found that you’ll get aroundseven Words in Context questions (~13%)on Reading, and about three Precision questions(~7%) on Writing. Next up, we look at the four best methods you can use for your SAT vocabulary practice sessions. The 4 Best Methods for Quality SAT Vocab Practice Now that you understand how vocab is tested on the SAT and how important it is, how can you study effectively for it?Here are some of the best methods you can use to get quality SAT vocab practice. Method 1: Use Flashcards and the Waterfall Method By far the best way to study SAT vocab is to make flashcards and use the waterfall method. The waterfall method is a way of going through a deck of flashcards so that you learn all the words in it- even the hardest ones! Here’s how to use this method: start with a deck of about 30-50 cards. This will be your Starting Stack: Go through the entire stack. Put the cards you know in a Know It pile, and the cards you don’t know in a Struggled pile as so: Now, pick up your Struggled pile and go through all the cards in it again. For the words you know, put them in a second Know It pile. For the words you don’t know, put them in a Struggled pile. This will give you two Know It piles and one Struggled pile: Repeat these steps until you have one to five cards left in your Struggled pile: At this point, you’ll have gone through your entire deck and should have multiple Know It piles and one Struggled pile. It's now time to work back up your "waterfall" of flashcards. To do this, combine your Struggled pile with your most recent Know It pile (i.e., the one closest to your Struggled pile). This will be your Working pile: Go through all the words in your Working pile until you've memorized all the meanings in it. If you forget any, go through the entire deck again.This might sound annoying, but it's a crucial step that'll ultimately help you memorize all the words and their meanings. Repeat this process bycombining the pile in your hands with the next Know It pile and then going through it in full until you’ve gotten down all the words' meanings in it. By the time you finish, you should be back at your Starting Stack.You now know all the words in your deck! If you have more vocab words you’d like to study, repeat this entire process (again, using decks of about 30-50 cards) until you’ve memorized all the SAT words you want to know. Method 2: Take an Online SAT Vocabulary Practice Test Another great way to get in some SAT vocab practice is to take online vocab tests or quizzes. Quizzes are great for putting your SAT vocab knowledge to the test.You can find (or make) an SAT vocabulary practice test through free websites such as QuizletandCram. On Quizlet, you can study with flashcards and then use the Test function to take a randomized quiz that includes only the words in your deck. Feel free to skip the question formats that aren’t relevant to the SAT. For example, you won't need to write in vocab words on the SAT, so don't bother doing the write-in questions. Cram is similar to Quizlet: with this site, you can study SAT words using digital flashcards and then take an SAT vocabulary practice test using the Test function. Again, some question types aren't particularly helpful, so try to focus on the questions that are most similar to those on the SAT, particularly the multiple-choice ones. A word of caution, though: if you’re studying with a pre-made flashcard deck, be sure to choose one that contains relevant SAT vocab.The difficulty and type of vocab have changed a lot since 2016.Therefore, the easiest way to ensure you're studying appropriate words is to look for decks created in 2016 or later. You should also check that the definitions and parts of speech are correct so that you’re actually learning the right information! Method 3: Read in Context Since the SAT is all about context, it’s a good idea to study SAT vocab by simply reading more in general.This method can help you make more accurate educated guesses on the SAT, and also teaches you to more quickly identify the tone and purpose of a passage. Here's how to use it: Find a paragraph or passage to read (see the next section for tips on what resources you can use). Begin reading it. Whenever you come across a word you don’t know in the text,try to use the context of the sentence it's in to guess its meaning. Look up the definition of the word (it also helps to see what its synonyms are since the SAT loves to ask for these). If you didn't know the correct meaning, write down the word and its actual definition on your vocab list or in your flashcard deck so you can study it later. If you'd prefer a more convenient way to read in context, try using the free browser application ProfessorWord. This application identifies potential SAT/ACT vocab words in online articles and provides definitions for them, too. Here’s an example of the application in action (using an article taken from The Atlantic): Method 4: Take Official SAT Practice Tests The final way you can get SAT vocabulary practice is to takeofficial SAT practice tests. This method is a great one to try after you’ve used most or all of the ones above and want to test out your vocab skills in the context of a full-length SAT. Moreover, you’ll get to see how questions are worded, what kinds of words you should know, and how much time it takes you to answer them.There are currentlyeight full-length tests available. I suggest taking one official practice test before you begin any SAT vocab practice.This way you’ll be able to get a feel for what questions and vocab words are most challenging for you. When taking a practice test, make sure to emulate real testing conditions as closely as possible: take the test in a quiet room and abide byofficial SAT time limits.Once done, check your answers and calculate your score. Take care to look closely at the vocab questions you answered on both the Reading and Writing sections. Here's how to proceed depending on how many vocab questions you answered correctly in your first practice test: If you got most vocab questions right, congratulations! You’re doing pretty well with your SAT vocab practice. Continue reviewing any difficult words using, ideally, a combination of the resources above (such as flashcards, websites, etc.). If you got most vocab questions wrong, take this as an opportunity to figure out what tripped you up. Were there too many vocab words you didn’t know? Did you run out of time? Look for patterns in your mistakes. Once you’ve determined your specific weakness, use SATReading and Writing practice questions, as well asofficial and unofficial full-length SAT practice tests, to track your progress. Top 5 Free Resources for SAT Vocab Practice So far we've given you our four best methods for studying SAT vocabulary. In this section, we give you the five best free resources you can use for top-notch SAT vocabulary practice. #1: The College Board We've already talked about the importance of using full-length SAT practice tests, but this isn't everything. Through the College Board website, you can access tons of official SAT practice questions, some of which center on vocab.In total, you'll get24 SAT Reading and 22 Writing questions, complete with in-depth answer explanations. Though most of these questions aren’t vocab questions, you can still use them to practice reading in context and to get a better feel for the types of words you’ll be expected to know on these two sections. #2: Khan Academy A partner of the College Board, Khan Academyis a free website offering tons of official SAT practice questions, which you can use to get even more quality SAT vocab practice. With this website, you can not only practice vocab in the context of realistic SAT questions, but you can also get tips on how to answer Reading and Writing questions and how to read passages effectively. For more advice, check out our articleon how to use Khan Academy in your SAT prep. #3: PrepScholar SAT Vocab List If you’re not a fan of having to look for SAT vocab words on your own, never fear- we make it easy for you! Our extensive SAT vocab list (coming soon) contains more than250 of the most common SAT vocab words.We chose these words based on what we found in official SAT practice tests and other high-quality online SAT vocab lists. The best way to use our vocab list is to make your own (paper or digital) flashcards.While you don’t need to memorize every single word, being familiar with them will definitely give you a leg up on test day. By studying our list, you'll waste less time trying to figure out the meaning of a word and will have a better chance of choosing the correct answer. #4: Anki Not into the idea of making paper flashcards for your SAT vocab practice? Then consider usingAnki as an alternative. Unlike Quizlet and Cram- those free flashcard-making websites we mentioned above- Anki is a free software you can download directly onto your computer. So, no,you don’t need to have an internet connection in order to use it when you study SAT vocab! With this program, you can downloadflashcard decks submitted by other users or make your own. Its special spaced-repetition software (SRS) makes it so that you’ll study difficult cards more often than cards you already know (similar to how the waterfall method works). #5: Newspapers and Publications If you’re studying vocab by reading in context, you'll need to find relevant articles in order to get high-quality SAT vocab practice. Studying for the SAT involves reading articles on a wide variety of topics.According to the College Board, you’ll get the following quantities and types of reading passages on SAT Reading: One passage from a classic or contemporary piece of US or world literature One passage (or pair of passages) based on a US founding document or text in the Great Global Conversation One social science passage Two science passages In addition, here are the types of passages you’ll see on SAT Writing: History Social studies Science It’s crucial toregularly read a variety of articles as you study vocab for the SAT. For example, it won’t help you to read only science articles since these will likely use the same types of terms and won’t teach you anything new after a while. Here are some of the best online (and free) publications to use for your SAT vocabulary practice: US and World Literature: The New Yorker, The Paris Review, The New York Review of Books, The Los Angeles Review of Books History/Social Science/Social Studies: The Washington Post, The New York Times, The Atlantic, Time, The Economist Science: Psychology Today, Wired, Discover, Popular Science Conclusion: The Best SAT Vocab Practice Although vocab doesn’t play a large role on the SAT, it’s important to know what kinds of words and questions you should expect on the SAT Reading and Writing sections. Most SAT vocab words are about medium difficulty and will have multiple meanings. By far the four best methods to use for your SAT vocab practice are as follows: Make flashcards and use the waterfall method to study all the words in your deck Take online vocab tests and quizzes on free websites such as Quizlet and Cram Read in context using high-quality resources such as online newspapers and literary magazines Take official SAT practice tests In terms of SAT vocab resources, we recommend starting with the College Board and Khan Academy to get as many official SAT vocab practice questions as you can. Other solid options include the following: Our PrepScholar SAT vocab list, which contains more than 250 high-frequency vocab words Anki, a free downloadable software with which you can make and download flashcards Online newspapers and publications that cover a wide range of topics and genres, such asThe New York Times, Psychology Today, and The Paris Review You're now equipped with all the most important info you need to start studying SAT vocab! What’s Next? Not sure which vocabulary words to study for the SAT?Check out our comprehensive list of 250+ SAT vocab words. Our ultimate SAT Reading guideexplainshow to read passages effectively and how to find the correct answer choice for Reading questions. Likewise,our Writing guideoffers expert advice on the most important things you need to know, from grammar rules to passage-reading strategies. Got more questions about the SAT's Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section?Our guide tells you what's tested on the Reading and Writing sections, goes over how each section is scored, and provides you with key tips for doing well on the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also feature thousands of practice questions, 6 official SAT practice tests, and personal feedback on your essays from an expert instructor. Check out our 5-day free trial: